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Last Updated: May 26, 2022

The attribution model is a set of rules or algorithms that determine which touchpoints should get credit for conversions and how much conversion credit each touchpoint should receive.

Different attribution models give conversion credit differently.

Facebook attribution models can be broadly classified into two categories:

1. Rule-based attribution models.
2. Algorithmic attribution models.

Rule-based attribution models

Rule-based attribution models assign conversion credits to touchpoints based on some rules.

The following are examples of rule-based attribution models available in Facebook Attribution reports:

1. Even Credit
2. Last Click or Visit
3. Last Touch
4. Positional 30%
5. Positional 40%
6. Time Decay 1-day
7. Time Decay 7-day

Rule-based attribution models can be further classified into single touch and multi-touch attribution models.

Single-touch attribution models assign 100% conversion credit only to a single touchpoint in a conversion path. The following are examples of single-touch attribution models in Facebook: ‘Last Click or Visit’ and ‘Last Touch’.

Multi-touch attribution models distribute conversion credit to multiple touchpoints in a conversion path. Following are examples of multi-touch attribution models in Facebook: ‘Even Credit’, ‘Positional 30%’, ‘Positional 40%’, ‘Time Decay 1-day’ and ‘Time Decay 7-day’.

Algorithmic attribution models

Algorithmic attribution models assign conversion credits to touchpoints based on an algorithm.

The data-driven attribution model is an algorithmic attribution model offered by Facebook (in its attribution reports).

Once you have set up attribution reporting in your Facebook ad manager account, you get the option to choose an attribution model:

Note: You cannot choose the data-driven attribution model from the ‘Attribution Model’ drop-down menu.

Facebook provides the following seven rule-based attribution models:

1. Even Credit
2. Last Click or Visit
3. Last Touch
4. Positional 30%
5. Positional 40%
6. Time Decay 1-day
7. Time Decay 7-day

#1 Even Credit attribution model

This attribution model gives equal credit for a conversion to all the touchpoints in a conversion path. For example, consider the following conversion path:

Ad Impression > Ad Click  > Visit > Ad Impression

This conversion path is made up of four touchpoints. Under the ‘even credit’ attribution model, each touchpoint would receive 25% (100 / 4 touchpoints) credit for the conversion.

However, if the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ happened within 60 seconds of one another, then the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ would be counted as the same touchpoint, and only the ‘ad click’ is credited. So the conversion path (if the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ happened within 60 seconds of one another) would now look, like the one below:

Ad Impression > Ad Click  > Ad Impression

This conversion path is now made up of only three touchpoints. Under ‘even credit’ attribution model, each touchpoint would now receive 33.33% (100 / 3 touchpoints) credit for the conversion.

Note: Under ‘even credit’ attribution model, if more than 60 seconds elapsed between ‘ad click’ and ‘visit,’ then each touchpoint would receive 25% (100 / 4 touchpoints) credit for the conversion.

When to use the ‘even credit’ attribution model?

Use this attribution model if you have a business model where each interaction with your customers is equally important for your conversions. For example, if you provide a customer support service, then each interaction with your customers is equally important for you. In that case, use the even credit model.

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#2 Last Click or Visit attribution model

This attribution model gives 100% credit for a conversion to the last ad click or visit in a conversion path.

For example, consider the following conversion path:

Ad Impression > Ad Click  > Visit > Ad Impression

This conversion path is made up of four touchpoints. Under ‘last click or visit’ attribution model, the last ‘visit’ would get 100% credit for the conversion.

This attribution model recognizes only the last ad click or last visit as the last touchpoint. That’s why the last ad impression won’t get 100% credit for the conversion.

Now, if the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ happened within 60 seconds of one another, then the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ would be counted as the same touchpoint, and only the ‘ad click’ is credited. So in that case the conversion path would now look, like the one below:

Ad Impression > Ad Click  > Ad Impression

This conversion path is now made up of only three touchpoints. Under ‘last click or visit’ attribution model, the last ad click would now receive 100% credit for the conversion.

Note: Under the ‘last click or visit’ attribution model, if more than 60 seconds elapsed between ‘ad click’ and ‘visit,’ then the last ‘visit’ would get 100% credit for the conversion.

When to use the ‘last click or visit’ attribution model?

Use this model if the least amount of buying consideration is involved. For example, if you are an FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods) company like ‘Tesco’ or ‘Walmart’ and you sell products that involve the least amount of consideration by a buyer (like purchasing toothpaste), then you can use the ‘Last Click or Visit’ attribution model.

This is because you do not need to assign more conversion credit to the first and middle interactions in your conversion path.

#3 Last touch attribution model

Facebook uses this attribution model by default.

The last touch attribution model gives 100% credit for a conversion to the last touchpoint in a conversion path. This touchpoint can be an ad click, visit, or ad impression.

However, the last touch model gives 100% credit to the last ad impression only when there was no ad click or visit prior to conversion.

In other words, by default Facebook report conversion on the day, an ad was last clicked or viewed and not always on the day the conversion actually took place.

Use the Ads Insights API, if you want Facebook to report a conversion on the day it happened.

For example, consider the following conversion path:

Ad Impression > Ad Click  > Visit > Ad Impression

This conversion path is made up of four touchpoints. Under the ‘last touch’ attribution model, the last ‘visit’ would get 100% credit for the conversion.

The last touch model gives 100% credit to the last ad impression only when there was no ‘ad click’ or ‘visit’ prior to conversion. 

For example in the conversion path:

Ad Impression > Ad Impression > Ad Impression

the last ad impression would receive 100% credit for conversion as there are no ‘ad click’ or ‘visit’ touchpoints in the conversion path.

Now, if the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ happened within 60 seconds of one another, then the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ would be counted as the same touchpoint, and only the ‘ad click’ is credited.

So for the following conversion path where the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ happened within 60 seconds of one another :

Ad Impression > Ad Click  > Visit > Ad Impression

the last ad click would now receive 100% credit for the conversion.

Note: Under the ‘last touch’ attribution model, if more than 60 seconds elapsed between ‘ad click’ and ‘visit,’ then the last ‘visit’ would get 100% credit for the conversion.

When to use the ‘last touch’ attribution model?

Use this model if the least amount of buying consideration is involved.

#4 Positional 30% attribution model

It is a position based attribution model that gives 30% conversion credit to the first touchpoint and 30% conversion credit to the last touchpoint in a conversion path. The remaining 40% conversion credit is equally distributed among all other touchpoints in a conversion path.

For example, consider the following conversion path:

Ad Impression > Ad Click  > Visit > Ad Impression

This conversion path is made up of four touchpoints. Under the ‘Positional 30 %’ attribution model, the first ad impression would receive 30% credit for the conversion. The last’ ad impression’ would receive 30% credit for the conversion.

The remaining conversion credit (100 – (30 + 30) = 40) would be equally divided between ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ touchpoints.

So the ‘ad click touchpoint would receive 20% (40 / 2) credit for the conversion, and the ‘visit’ touchpoint would receive 20% (40/2) credit for conversion:

Here, 30 + 20 + 20 + 30 = 100. This proves that each touchpoint received accurate conversion credit.

If the sum of all conversion credit turned out to be below or above 100, then it would mean the conversion credits were not assigned correctly.

Now, if the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ happened within 60 seconds of one another, then the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ would be counted as the same touchpoint, and only the ‘ad click’ is credited.

So for the following conversion path where the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ happened within 60 seconds of one another :

Ad Impression > Ad Click  > Visit > Ad Impression

The ‘Positional 30 %’ attribution model will give 30% conversion credit to each first and last ‘ad impression’ and the remaining 40% conversion credit (100 – 60) to the ‘ad click’ touchpoint.

Note: Under the ‘Positional 30 %’ attribution model, if more than 60 seconds elapsed between ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ then the first and last ‘ad impressions’ would each receive 30% conversion credit and the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ touchpoints would each receive 20% conversion credit.

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When to use the ‘Positional 30 %’ attribution model?

If you have a business model, or advertising objectives, which value first and last customer interactions more than the middle interactions, then use the Position Based attribution model.

#5 Positional 40% attribution model

This attribution model is just like the ‘Positional 30% model.

The only difference is that the ‘Positional 40%’ model gives 40% conversions credit (instead of 30%) to both first and last touchpoints in a conversion path. The remaining 20% conversion credit is equally distributed among all other touchpoints.

#6 Time Decay 1-Day Attribution Model

The time decay attribution model assigns more conversion credit to the touchpoints that happened closer in time to the conversion.

The ‘Time Decay 1-Day’ attribution model is a type of ‘time decay’ model which distributes conversion credit using a 1-day half-life.

What that means, the touchpoints that happened one day before the conversion get 50% of the conversion credit and the touchpoints that happened two days before the conversion get 25% of the conversion credit.

Under the ‘time decay model,’ if the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ happened within 60 seconds of one another, then the ‘ad click’ and ‘visit’ would be counted as the same touchpoint and only the ‘ad click’ is credited.

When to use the ‘Time Decay’ model?

Use the Time Decay model if you are running time-sensitive promotional campaigns.

If you want to understand the buying behaviour of your customers during a promotional campaign, then you would want to assign more conversion credits to the touchpoints which occurred closest in time to conversions as they are more relevant than the touchpoints which occurred further in the past.

In that case, use the Time Decay model.

#7 Time Decay 7-Day Attribution Model

The Time Decay 7-Day attribution model is another type of ‘time decay’ model that distributes conversion credit using 7-day half-life (instead of 1-day half-life).

What that means, the touchpoints that happened 7 days before the conversion get 50% of the conversion credit and the touchpoints that happened 14  days before the conversion, get 25% of the conversion credit.

Data-Driven attribution (DDA) model in Facebook

The Data-Driven attribution model (DDA) is an algorithmic attribution model (statistical model) that is updated periodically by Facebook.

This attribution model uses statistical modelling to understand and assign conversion credit to Facebook touchpoints in a conversion path.

The conversion credit distribution is based on the historical data as well as the estimated incremental value of the Facebook touchpoints.

Through the DDA model, you can identify the marketing campaigns across Facebook, Audience Network, Messenger and Instagram that have the greatest impact on generating conversions.

The DDA model helps you measure incrementality i.e. how many additional conversions were caused by your Facebook marketing campaigns compared to those that would have happened without your campaigns.

Note: The data-driven attribution model is not a rule-based model, and it only measures marketing campaigns on Facebook, Audience Network, Messenger, and Instagram. In other words, this model is available only for the Facebook ad platform and not for other ad platforms like Google Ads, Bing Ads, etc.

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• Learn to implement attribution modelling in your organisation
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