User properties are attributes that are used to define segments of your user base, such as language preference or geographic location. By default, Google Analytics 4 automatically logs some user properties like the ones below:
Technically speaking, the custom dimensions which have user scope are called the user-scoped custom dimensions (also known as user properties)
User-scope means the value of the custom dimension is calculated and sent once for each user.
Google recommends that you use a user-scoped custom dimension when you want to identify static or slowly changing attributes of your website/app users like changes in the subscription plan, membership level, game difficulty level, etc.
You can create a user-scoped custom dimension by registering a parameter with user scope in the GA4 user interface.
In GA4, the values of custom dimensions and custom metrics are supplied by logged event parameters. So, before you create a user-scoped custom dimension, you would need a logged event parameter in your GA4 reporting view and this parameter must have user scope.
In other words, you cannot create a user-scoped custom dimension by registering a parameter with event scope.
For example, the page_title has event scope, so you cannot register this parameter as a user-scoped custom dimension.
You can only register parameters as user-scoped custom dimensions if they have user scope.
You can also create a user-scoped custom dimension before logging the event parameter, but that is not best practice for creating user-scoped custom dimensions.
How to create and pass a user scope custom parameter along with an event?
Before you create a user-scoped custom dimension, you need a user-scoped parameter that is logged (recorded) in your GA4 reporting view.
Let us suppose that you want to send the client ID custom parameter (with user scope) along with an event to your GA4 reporting view.
In order to send the client ID with user scope, you need to either create or edit a GA4 event tag in your GTM account and then send the client ID event parameter as a user property:
From the screenshot above we can conclude that we are sending the client ID via the ‘client_id_custom’ user property (aka user-scoped custom dimension) along with the event ‘get_user_data’.
Note: If you want to learn more about sending client ID to your GA4 property then check out this article.
Once you start sending the client ID as a user property to your GA4 reporting view, navigate to the DebugView report:
Find and click on the user property named ‘client_id_custom= ……‘:
You should now be able to see one of the captured client IDs:
Let us suppose you want to register the user-scoped custom parameter ‘client_id_custom’ as a user-scoped custom dimension.
To do that follow the steps below:
Step-1: Navigate to your GA4 property view and then click on the ‘Configure’ link:
Step-2: Click on ‘Custom Definitions’
Step-3: Click on the ‘Create custom dimensions’ button:
Step-4: Enter the name for your custom dimension. This name will appear in your GA4 reports, so use a descriptive name:
Note: You can always change the dimension name later if you need to.
Step-5: Set the dimension scope to ‘User’:
Note: Once you have set the scope, you cannot change it later.
Step-6: Select the parameter ‘client_id_custom’ from the ‘User property’ drop-down menu and then click on the ‘Save’ button:
Note: Once you have selected a user property, you cannot change it later.
You should now see your new custom dimension listed under the ‘Custom dimensions’ section:
Once a full 24 hrs have elapsed, your user-scoped custom dimension should be available for use in the various GA4 reports.
However, the user-scoped custom dimension won’t appear as a data card in every event report where you (or GA4) are passing the user-scoped parameter along with the event. The data card appears only for event-scoped custom dimensions.
Then navigate to Engagement > Events report in your GA4 reporting view:
Click on the ‘get_user_data’ event:
You will see the report on the ‘get_user_data’ event but you won’t see a separate data card for the user-scoped custom dimension ‘Custom Client ID’:
Applying user-scoped custom dimensions via ‘Add Comparison’
Once you have registered a logged event parameter as a user-scoped custom dimension, you can then apply the custom dimension to any GA4 report via the ‘Add Comparison‘ feature.
In GA4, we use the ‘Add Comparison’ feature (instead of segments or filters) to evaluate and compare a subset of data.
Let’s apply the ‘Custom Client ID’ user-scoped custom dimension we created earlier to the Traffic Acquisition report.
Follow the steps below:
Step-1: Navigate to the Traffic Acquisition report in your GA4 reporting view:
Step-2: Click on the ‘Add Comparison’ button:
You should now see an overlay at the right-hand side of your screen like the one below:
Step-3: Select the ‘Custom Client ID‘ dimension from the ‘Dimension’ drop-down menu:
Step-4: Click on the ‘Dimension Values’ drop-down menu:
Step-5: Select one of the client IDs and then click on the ‘OK’ button:
Step-6: Click on the ‘Apply’ button:
You should now see the new comparison added to the Traffic Acquisition report:
Navigate to any other GA4 report and you should see the same new comparison applied to the report.
That’s how you can apply user-scoped custom dimensions to GA4 reports via the ‘Add Comparison’ feature.
The advantage of registering a user-scoped event parameter as a user-scoped custom dimension is that you can report on the same user-scoped event parameter for as many events as you like without passing the same parameter over and over again for each event.
Applying a user-scoped custom dimension as a secondary dimension
Once you have registered a logged user-scoped event parameter as a user-scoped custom dimension, you can then apply the custom dimension as a secondary dimension to any GA4 report which contains a data table.
For example, the User Acquisition report contains a data table:
Click on the ‘+’ button next to the ‘User medium’ primary dimension to apply a secondary dimension to the data table:
Click on ‘Custom (User-scoped)‘ from the drop-down menu:
Click on ‘Custom Client ID‘:
You should now see the ‘Custom Client ID’ user-scoped custom dimension applied to the User Acquisition report as the secondary dimension:
That’s how you can apply a user-scoped custom dimension to GA4 reports as a secondary dimension.
Note: Just like event-scoped custom dimensions, you can also apply user-scoped custom dimensions to the Analysis Hub reports.
Archive user properties in GA4
Since Google Analytics provides only 25 custom user properties, if at any time you exceed the limit or do not want to continue with an existing user property, you can archive any of the current user properties which are no longer needed or are of less importance.
Follow the below steps to archive a user property:
Step-1: Navigate to your GA4 property view and then click on the ‘Configure’ link:
Step-2: Click on ‘Custom Definitions’.
Step-3: Click on the three dots menu next to the user property (aka user-scoped custom dimension) you want to delete:
Step-4: Click on the ‘Archive‘ option:
Step-5: Click on the ‘Archive’ button:
Note: Archiving a user property is permanent. It cannot be undone and the corresponding data cannot be restored. Any segment or funnel using this user property in Analysis would stop working.
Adding the user property to your website via gtag.js
User properties can be set either by calling the gtag(‘set’) command in your website if you are using the global site tag (gtag.js) tagging framework OR you can use Google Tag Manager.
Here I will be creating a user property ‘User_Location’ as an example.
You can pass user properties using the following command.
<!– Global site tag (gtag.js) – Google Analytics –><script async src=”https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=MEASUREMENT_ID”></script><script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gtag(‘js’, new Date());gtag(‘config’, ‘MEASUREMENT_ID’); // GA4 Measurement IDgtag(‘set’, ‘user_properties’, {User_Location: ‘United States’,});</script>
Frequently asked questions about GA4 User Properties (User scope custom dimension)
What are user properties (user scope custom dimensions) in Google Analytics 4?
User properties are attributes that are used to define segments of your user base, such as language preference or geographic location. By default, Google Analytics 4 automatically logs some user properties like the ones below: Technically speaking, the custom dimensions which have user scope are called the user-scoped custom dimensions (also known as user properties) User-scope means the value of the custom dimension is calculated and sent once for each user.
How to create a user property in GA4?
Follow the below steps to create user property in GA4 Step-1: Navigate to your GA4 property view and then click on the ‘Configure’ link Step-2: Click on ‘Custom Definitions’ Step-3: Click on the ‘Create custom dimensions’ button Step-4: Enter the name for your custom dimension. This name will appear in your GA4 reports, so use a descriptive name Step-5: Set the dimension scope to ‘User’ Step-6: Select the parameter ‘User parameter'(which you are sending with an event in GA4) from the ‘User property’ drop-down menu and then click on the ‘Save’ button
How many user properties can be created in Google Analytics 4?
You can create up to 25 User properties in GA4 per property.
Other articles related to GA4 (Google Analytics 4)
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